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A Tier 2 network is an Internet service provider which engages in the practice of peering with other networks, but which also purchases IP transit to reach some portion of the Internet. [ 1 ] Tier 2 providers are the most common Internet service providers, as it is much easier to purchase transit from a Tier 1 network than to peer with them and ...
A regional Tier 1 network is a network which is not transit-free globally, but which maintains many of the classic behaviors and motivations of a Tier 1 network within a specific region. A typical scenario for this characteristic involves a network that was the incumbent telecommunications company in a specific country or region, usually tied ...
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides myriad services related to accessing, using, managing, or participating in the Internet. ISPs can be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned , non-profit , or otherwise privately owned .
The National Science Foundation created the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) in 1986 by funding six networking sites using 56 kbit/s interconnecting links, with peering to the ARPANET. In 1987, this new network was upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s T1 links for thirteen sites. These sites included regional networks that in turn connected over ...
NSFNet Internet architecture, c. 1995. Internet exchange points began as Network Access Points or NAPs, a key component of Al Gore's National Information Infrastructure (NII) plan, which defined the transition from the US Government-paid-for NSFNET era (when Internet access was government sponsored and commercial traffic was prohibited) to the commercial Internet of today.
Altice USA (also known as Optimum); AT&T Internet; Charter Communications (also known as Spectrum); Comcast High Speed Internet (also known as Xfinity); Consolidated Communications (including FairPoint Communications)
Network Service Provider (NSP) is one of the roles defined in the National Information Infrastructure (NII) plan, which governed the transition of the Internet from US federal control to private-sector governance, with an accompanying shift from the 1968-1992 single-payer economy to a competitive market economy.
The National Science Foundation banned commercial ISPs, permitting only government agencies and universities to use the internet until 1989. "The World" materialized as the first commercial ISP. By 1991, the NSF lifted the ban and the commercial ISP business grew rapidly.
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