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A specific property is the intensive property obtained by dividing an extensive property of a system by its mass. For example, heat capacity is an extensive property of a system. Dividing heat capacity, , by the mass of the system gives the specific heat capacity, , which is an intensive property. When the extensive property is represented by ...
Specific energy is an intensive property, whereas energy and mass are extensive properties. The SI unit for specific energy is the joule per kilogram (J/kg). Other units still in use worldwide in some contexts are the kilocalorie per gram (Cal/g or kcal/g), mostly in food-related topics, and watt-hours per kilogram (W⋅h/kg) in the field of ...
In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol ) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure–volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure.
An extrinsic property is not essential or inherent to the subject that is being characterized. For example, mass is an intrinsic property of any physical object , whereas weight is an extrinsic property that depends on the strength of the gravitational field in which the object is placed.
Density is an intensive property in that increasing the amount of a substance does not increase its density; rather it increases its mass. Other conceptually comparable quantities or ratios include specific density, relative density (specific gravity), and specific weight.
Specific heat capacity is an intensive property of a substance, an intrinsic characteristic that does not depend on the size or shape of the amount in consideration. (The qualifier "specific" in front of an extensive property often indicates an intensive property derived from it.
An intensive property does not depend on the size or extent of the system, nor on the amount of matter in the object, while an extensive property shows an additive relationship. These classifications are in general only valid in cases when smaller subdivisions of the sample do not interact in some physical or chemical process when combined.
[citation needed] For example, massic leaf area is leaf area divided by leaf mass and volumic leaf area is leaf area divided by leaf volume. Derived SI units involve reciprocal kilogram (kg −1), e.g., square metre per kilogram (m 2 · kg −1). Another kind of specific quantity, termed named specific quantity, is a generalization of the ...