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The cash or qian was a type of coin of China and the Sinosphere, used from the 4th century BC until the 20th century AD, characterised by their round outer shape and a square center hole (Chinese: 方穿; pinyin: fāng chuān; Jyutping: fong1 cyun1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chhoan).
As most of these early round coins had round holes, the first "true" cash coins were the Yi Hua (一化) produced by the State of Yan. [4] [5] Apart from two small and presumably late coins from the State of Qin, coins from the spade money area have a round hole and refer to the jin and liang units.
Round metal coins with a round, and then later square hole in the center were first introduced around 350 BCE. The beginning of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE), the first dynasty to unify China, saw the introduction of a standardised coinage for the whole Empire. Subsequent dynasties produced variations on these round coins throughout the ...
In the years 1943–1947 India produced 1 pice coins for circulation with very large holes, [58] continued by Pakistan producing 1 pice coins of equal shape in the years 1948–1952. [59] Chinese cash coins had a square hole, while many modern coins have a round hole.
Historically, Chinese coins were round with a square hole in the center. On the obverse side, there are usually words indicating the emperor's reign name or era name. On the reverse side, there are words or graphic patterns often indicating denomination or a mint mark. It is also possible that there is nothing on the reverse side.
Until the 19th century, coins denominated in wen were cast, the most common formation being the round-shaped copper coin with a square or circular hole in the centre. [3] The hole enabled the coins to be strung together to create higher denominations, as was frequently done due to the coin's low value.
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The wadōkaichin was first produced following the discovery of large copper deposits in Japan during the early 8th century. [6]The coins, which are round with a square hole in the center, remained in circulation until 958 CE. [7]
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