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Guide to Reference Sources in the Computer Sciences. Macmillan Information. Charles Babbage Institute (2003). "CBI Software History Bibliography" (PDF) Cortada, James W. (1983). An Annotated Bibliography on the History of Data Processing. Greenwood. ISBN 0-313-24001-9. Cortada, James W. (1987).
Computer: A History of the Information Machine is a history of computing written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray first published in 1996. It follows the history of "information machines" from Charles Babbage 's difference engine through Herman Hollerith 's tabulating machines to the invention of the modern electronic digital computer.
John Clifford Shaw (February 23, 1922 – February 9, 1991) [1] was a systems programmer at the RAND Corporation.He is a coauthor of the first artificial intelligence program, the Logic Theorist, and was one of the developers of General Problem Solver (universal problem solver machine) and Information Processing Language (a programming language of the 1950s).
Computers, therefore, provided a model for possible human mental states that provided researchers with clues and direction for understanding human thinking and learning as information processing. Overall, information-processing models helped reestablish mental processes—processes that cannot be directly observed—as a legitimate area of ...
Information Processing Language (IPL) is a programming language created by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert A. Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology about 1956. Newell had the job of language specifier-application programmer, Shaw was the system programmer, and Simon had the job of application programmer-user.
The input–process–output model. The input–process–output (IPO) model, or input-process-output pattern, is a widely used approach in systems analysis and software engineering for describing the structure of an information processing program or other process.
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The type of number system affects the way it works. In the early 1950s, most computers were built for specific numerical processing tasks, and many machines used decimal numbers as their basic number system; that is, the mathematical functions of the machines worked in base-10 instead of base-2 as is common today.