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The Rebellions of 1837–1838 (French: Rébellions de 1837), were two armed uprisings that took place in Lower and Upper Canada in 1837 and 1838. Both rebellions were motivated by frustrations with lack of political reform. A key shared goal was responsible government, which was eventually achieved in the incidents' aftermath.
The Upper Canada Rebellion was an insurrection against the oligarchic government of the British colony of Upper Canada (present-day Ontario) in December 1837.While public grievances had existed for years, it was the rebellion in Lower Canada (present-day Quebec), which started the previous month, that emboldened rebels in Upper Canada to revolt.
The Lower Canada Rebellion (French: rébellion du Bas-Canada), commonly referred to as the Patriots' Rebellion (Rébellion des patriotes) in French, is the name given to the armed conflict in 1837–38 between rebels and the colonial government of Lower Canada (now southern Quebec).
Two separate rebellions, one in Upper and one in Lower Canada, fail to dislodge entrenched elites. Along with a general feeling that the government was not democratic, the failure of the executive committee to maintain the confidence of the elected officials leads to violent but unsuccessful rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada.
Greer, Allan. "1837–38: Rebellion Reconsidered." Canadian Historical Review 76.1 (1995): 1-18. Guillet, Edwin C. The Lives and Times of the Patriots: An Account of the Rebellion in Upper Canada 1837–1838, and the Patriot Agitation in the United States, 1837–1842 (Toronto: Ontario Publishing Co., 1963) Kinchen, Oscar A.
The Republic of Canada was a government proclaimed by William Lyon Mackenzie on December 5, 1837. [2] The self-proclaimed government was established on Navy Island [ 3 ] in the Niagara River in the latter days of the Upper Canada Rebellion .
The 1837 and 1838 rebellions received increased interest following the rise of the Quebec independence movement and many of their symbols are used today to represent Quebec nationalism. The 1838 attempt at separation is often overshadowed by the much more violent, general insurrection that occurred a year earlier.
Canadian State Trials: Rebellion and Invasion in the Canadas 1837–1839. Vol. II. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-3748-8. Greer, Allan (1993). The Patriots and the People: The Rebellion of 1837 in Rural Lower Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-6930-4. Ouellet, Fernand (1980).