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The history of independent India or history of Republic of India began when the country became an independent sovereign state within the British Commonwealth on 15 August 1947. Direct administration by the British, which began in 1858 , affected a political and economic unification of the subcontinent .
1947: July: Indian Independence Act 1947 by British Raj: 14 August: Partition of India and Pakistan becomes an independent state. [51] 15 August: Indian independence from the British Raj. Hundreds of thousands die in widespread communal bloodshed after partition, continuing to 1948. 1948: 30 January: Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram ...
The Indian constitution is the world's longest for a sovereign nation. [2] [3] [48] At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. [a] [17] At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution—after the Constitution of Alabama—in the world. [49]
The Indian Independence Act was subsequently repealed in Article 395 of the Constitution of India and in Article 221 of the Constitution of Pakistan of 1956, [16] both constitutions being intended to bring about greater independence for the new states. The Act has not been repealed in the United Kingdom, where it still has an effect, although ...
Indian troops annexed Goa and Portugal's other Indian enclaves in 1961, and Sikkim voted to join the Indian Union in 1975 after the Indian victory over China in Nathu La and Cho La. Following self-rule in 1947, India remained in the Commonwealth of Nations, and relations between the UK and India have since become friendly. There are many areas ...
After 1947, India signed new treaties with Nepal and Bhutan. [147] Historically, Sikkim was a British dependency, with a status similar to that of the other princely states, and was therefore considered to be within the frontiers of India in the colonial period. On independence, however, the Chogyal of Sikkim resisted full integration into ...
The Constituent Assembly of India, consisting of indirectly elected representatives, was established to draft a constitution for India (including the now-separate countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh). It existed for approx three years, the first parliament (Provisional Parliament) of India after independence in 1947.
The Dominion of India, officially the Union of India, [7] was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations existing between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950. [8] Until its independence , India had been ruled as an informal empire by the United Kingdom.