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The Arizona Territory, colloquially referred to as Confederate Arizona, was an organized incorporated territory of the Confederate States of America that existed from August 1, 1861, to May 26, 1865, when the Confederate States Army Trans-Mississippi Department, commanded by General Edmund Kirby Smith, surrendered at Shreveport, Louisiana.
At the outbreak of the Civil War, sentiment in the territory was in favor of the Confederacy.Territorial secession conventions called at Mesilla and Tucson in March 1861 adopted an ordinance of secession, established a provisional Arizona Territory with Owings as its governor, and petitioned the Confederate Congress for admission.
Citizens of the sparsely populated deserts of what would become the Arizona territory sided with the Confederacy in the Civil War. In 1861, pioneers at a convention in Tucson declared Arizona Confederate country, later electing Granville H. Oury as delegate to the Southern Congress. [1]
Southerners wanted an east–west division, whereas Northerners favored a north–south division of the territory. After the war began, the Confederacy established the Arizona Territory in February 1862 using the east–west boundary. Subsequently, the United States created Arizona Territory in 1863 using the current state boundary.
Fort Grant began its life in August 1860 in the Arizona Territory as an Old West outpost named Fort Breckinridge, at the junction of Aravaipa Creek and the San Pedro River. Fort Breckinridge was destroyed and the site was abandoned in 1861, following removal of the Union garrison at the start of the American Civil War.
This new gold created conflict in the area and Fort Whipple was used to protect miners and settlers from raids. Beginning in 1865, after the American Civil War, the Yavapai were forced to live in reservations when gold was discovered in their territory. The fort was for a short period of time the capital of the Arizona Territory. [9]
Swilling's war ended there and he convinced Joseph Walker and his group that there was gold in the central highlands of the new Arizona Territory. He then guided them to where the first Yavapai County mining district was formed, just a few miles south of present-day Prescott, on May 10, 1863. The expedition called it the Pioneer Mining District ...
The farmers requested military protection from the United States Army and, in 1865, although Arizona was still only a territory, the infantry arrived. They set up several posts over the next few years: 1865, a small camp five miles (8 km) south of what is today Camp Verde. 1866–1871, Camp Lincoln, a mile north of today's Fort Verde.