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The federal U.S. government has always been the government that makes treaties with Indian tribes – not individual states. Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution states that "Congress shall have the power to regulate Commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes". [ 7 ]
Lucy Covington , activist for Native American emancipation. [7] Mary Dann and Carrie Dann (Western Shoshone) were spiritual leaders, ranchers, and cultural, spiritual rights and land rights activists. Joe DeLaCruz , Native American leader in Washington, U.S., president for 22 years of the Quinault Tribe of the Quinault Reservation.
In order to become a federally recognized, tribes must meet certain requirements. The Bureau of Indian affairs defines a federally recognized tribe as an American Indian or Alaska Native tribal entity that is recognized having a government-to-government relationship with the United States, with the responsibilities, powers, limitations, and obligations attached to that designation, and is ...
There are approximately 326 federally recognized Indian Reservations in the United States. [1] Most of the tribal land base in the United States was set aside by the federal government as Native American Reservations. In California, about half of its reservations are called rancherías. In New Mexico, most reservations are called Pueblos.
Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal government. [4] For Alaska Native tribes, see list of Alaska Native tribal entities. In the United States, the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of ...
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), [2] is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior.It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to Native Americans and Alaska Natives, and administering and managing over 55,700,000 acres (225,000 km 2) of reservations held in trust by the U.S. federal government for ...
American Indian Treaties: The History of a Political Anomaly (1997) excerpt and text search; Prucha, Francis Paul. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians (abridged edition, 1986) McCarthy, Robert J. "The Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Federal Trust Obligation to American Indians," 19 BYU J. PUB. L. 1 (December ...
An American Indian reservation is an area of land held and governed by a U.S. federal government-recognized Native American tribal nation, whose government is autonomous, subject to regulations passed by the United States Congress and administered by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, and not to the U.S. state government in which it is located.