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Chronic stress is the physiological or psychological response induced by a long-term internal or external stressor. [1] The stressor, either physically present or recollected, will produce the same effect and trigger a chronic stress response. [ 1 ]
But over time, the emotional and physical effects of long-term stress can interfere with daily life and negatively impact your health, leading to a variety of symptoms.
Stress can cause acute and chronic changes in certain brain areas which can cause long-term damage. [4] Over-secretion of stress hormones most frequently impairs long-term delayed recall memory, but can enhance short-term, immediate recall memory. This enhancement is particularly relative in emotional memory.
The long-term impact of childhood adversity (e.g., abuse, neglect) has been shown to have lasting effects, including the increased risk for allostatic load in adulthood. [27] Regardless of the type, an association between discrimination and allostatic load in adulthood has been found. [ 28 ]
Hans Selye defined stress as “the nonspecific (that is, common) result of any demand upon the body, be the effect mental or somatic.” [5] This includes the medical definition of stress as a physical demand and the colloquial definition of stress as a psychological demand. A stressor is inherently neutral meaning that the same stressor can ...
“Brief breaks to refocus and center yourself can go a long way,” says Brownfield. “Taking even 10 minutes to step away from the tasks, take some deep breaths and then come back to it helps.”
The reaction of these systems causes a number of physical changes that have both short- and long-term effects on the body. [24] The Holmes and Rahe stress scale was developed as a method of assessing the risk of disease from life changes. [25] The scale lists both positive and negative changes that elicit stress.
Running or any other form of exercise would also be considered an acute stressor. Some exciting or exhilarating experiences such as riding a roller coaster is an acute stress but is usually very enjoyable. Acute stress is a short term stress and as a result, does not have enough time to do the damage that long term stress causes. [29]