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This is a list of Hijri years (Latin: anno Hegirae or AH) with the corresponding common era years where applicable. For Hijri years since 1297 AH (1879/1881 CE), the Gregorian date of 1 Muharram, the first day of the year in the Islamic calendar, is given.
This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [ 1 ] though not by Muslims .
676: Muhammad al-Baqir, the fifth imam of the Shiites is born. 677: Occupation of Samarkand and Tirmiz. Siege of Constantinople. 680: 28 April – Death of Muawiyah. Yazid I becomes caliph. 680: 10 October – Battle of Karbala and Husayn bin Ali is killed along with his companions. Ali ibn Husayn becomes Imam of Ali ibn Abi Talib's followers.
1902: Birth of Ruhollah Khomeini, The leader of Iranian revolution and the founder of Islamic Republic of Iran. 1903: Birth of Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Founder of Jamaat-e-Islami). 1905: The beginning of the Salafiyyah movement in Paris with its main sphere of influence in Egypt. 1906: Hassan al-Banna, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood born in Egypt.
A year in the Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve lunar months and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently, its New Year's Day occurs ten days earlier each year relative to the Gregorian calendar. The year 2025 CE corresponds to the Islamic years AH 1446 – 1447; AH 1446 corresponds to 2024 – 2025 in the Common Era. [a]
570 – 632: The life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. 632: Work began on the compilation of the Quran into the form of a book (soon to be known as Mashaf-ul-Hafsa), in the era of Abu Bakr, the first Caliph of Islam. 632 – 661: The Rashidun Caliphate heralded the Arab conquest of Persia, Egypt and Iraq, bringing Islam to those regions.
There is another version where, in addition, the fourth leap day is postponed to year 11 and the last leap day is in the last year of the 30-year cycle. The mean number of days per month in the 30-year cycle is 29.53056 days, or 29d 12h 44m. Six months of 29 days and six with 30 days, plus 11 days of the leap years.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.