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Illustration of a Hindki in Peshawar in the book “An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul” (1815) by Mountstuart Elphinstone.. Hindkowans, [1] [2] also known as the Hindki, [3] [4] is a contemporary designation for speakers of Indo-Aryan languages who live among the neighbouring Pashtuns, [5] [2] particularly the speakers of various Hindko dialects of Western Punjabi (Lahnda).
There is a nascent language movement, [4] and in recent decades Hindko-speaking intellectuals have started promoting the view of Hindko as a separate language. [5] There is a literary tradition based on Peshawari , [ 6 ] the urban variety of Peshawar in the northwest, and another one based on the language of Abbottabad in the northeast. [ 7 ]
The Pahari people or Pahari-speaking people is a cover term for a number of heterogeneous communities inhabiting in the Indian province of Himachal Pradesh, Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, Pothohar Plateau, the Hindkowans of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and also some parts of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir who speak Pahari languages/dialects.
Hindkowans are NOT counted among the Punjabi speakers in Pakistan and therefore it is wrong adding the Punjabi language tags to this article. Just like it is wrong to say India is a country with a 'significant' population of Hindkowans as it, as mentioned above, housed only about 170 hindkowans the last time the language was a part of its census.
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The first Punjabi dictionary was A Dictionary, English and Punjabee, Outlines of Grammar, Also Dialogues, English and Punjabee, With Grammar and Explanatory Notes published in Calcutta in 1849. [6] This dictionary authored by Captain Samuel Cross Starkey, whom was assisted in its compilation by jemadar Bussawa Singh. [6]
Many loanwords are of Persian origin; see List of English words of Persian origin, with some of the latter being in turn of Arabic or Turkic origin. In some cases words have entered the English language by multiple routes - occasionally ending up with different meanings, spellings, or pronunciations, just as with words with European etymologies.