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Gender and health. Gender refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed. This includes norms, behaviours and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with each other. As a social construct, gender varies from society to society and can change over time.
Gender norms, roles and relations, and gender inequality and inequity, affect people’s health all around the world. This Q&A examines the links between gender and health, highlighting WHO’s ongoing work to address gender-related barriers to healthcare, advance gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls in all their diversity, and achieve health for all.
1. Women make up 70% of the health workforce but only 25% hold senior roles. This means that in reality, women deliver global health and men lead it. These gaps in gender leadership are driven by stereotypes, discrimination, and power imbalances. Some women are further disadvantaged on the basis of their race or class. 2.
The Cairo Programme of Action not only articulated the centrality of gender equality as a requirement for improving sexual and reproductive health, but also noted the imperative of engaging men to promote gender equality. The systematic review indicates that while harmful masculinities are an issue of global concern, only 8% of interventions ...
Women account for 67% of the global health and social care workforce. It is estimated that women provide essential health services for around 5 billion people worldwide. The financial value of women’s input into health systems is estimated to be over US$3 trillion annually. Yet women’s contributions to health and the health labour market ...
Strengthening health sector response to gender-based violence in humanitarian emergencies. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major public health issue worldwide. GBV is a violation of human rights driven by inequalities between men and women in society. Armed conflict, natural disaster, and disease outbreak exacerbate the risk of GBV ...
Gender refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed. This includes norms, behaviours and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with others. As a social construct, gender varies from society to society and can change over time.
Addressing gender-based violence with a health systems approach. Gender-based violence response requires a multi-sectoral response and health systems have an important role to play in it. To ensure or strengthen a health systems response to GBV requires: Understanding the impact of GBV on the health and wellbeing of women and their children
The Women’s Health and Gender Inequalities series articulates a forward-looking agenda towards: Bodily autonomy — enabling women and girls to make informed sexual, reproductive, and healthcare decisions—a human right for all. Promoting equitable gender norms, including those that make violence against women and girls, including harmful ...
Violence against women, a public health, gender equality and human rights priority. Recognizing the health sector’s important role in preventing and responding to violence against women and girls, WHO is working with partners to fulfill commitments to address gender-based violence in the following ways: In 2021, WHO published global, regional ...