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Worldwide, studies estimate that diarrheal illness affects 3 to 20% of children under the age of 5 with an incidence of 2.7 episodes of diarrhea per child-year. [52] [53] Developing nations experience higher burden of disease and mortality from chronic diarrhea in children compared to developed nations. [49]
The following are two of the most common ones. Acute diarrhea is one of the most common. Globally, each of the 140 million children born annually experience an average of 7-30 episodes of diarrhea in the first 5 years of life. Some of the causes are infections, lower levels of zinc or problems with some gastric cells. [5]
Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days. [64] [65] In the Americas, diarrheal disease accounts for a total of 10% of deaths among children aged 1–59 months while in South East Asia, it accounts for 31.3% of deaths. [66]
Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. [8] Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. [1] Fever, lack of energy, and dehydration may also occur. [2] [3] This typically lasts less than two weeks. [8]
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Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. [1] Nearly every child in the world is infected with a rotavirus at least once by the age of five. [2] Immunity develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe. Adults are rarely affected. [3]
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