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The NHS Health Check is a preventive healthcare programme in the United Kingdom offered by National Health Service. The programme invites adults aged between 40 and 74 in England for a health check-up every five years to screen for key conditions including heart disease , diabetes , kidney disease , and stroke . [ 1 ]
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. [1]
In order to listen to the lungs from the back the patient is asked to move their arms forward to prevent the scapulae (shoulder blades) from obstructing the upper lung fields. These fields are intended to correlate with the lung lobes and are thus tested on the anterior (front) and posterior (back) chest walls.
In 2019, the NHS implemented the Targeted Lung Health Checks program in order to target those most at risk of lung cancer. [ 40 ] In 2022, the European Union proposed to update its guidelines on cancer screening to take into account new evidence that had emerged since 2016.
The NHS was established within the differing nations of the United Kingdom through differing legislation, and as such there has never been a singular British healthcare system, instead there are 4 health services in the United Kingdom; NHS England, the NHS Scotland, HSC Northern Ireland and NHS Wales, which were run by the respective UK government ministries for each home nation before falling ...
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The programme was established in October 2002 following several Department of Health reports on IT Strategies for the NHS, and on 1 April 2005 a new agency called NHS Connecting for Health (CfH) was formed to deliver the programme. [13] CfH absorbed both staff and workstreams from the abolished NHS Information Authority, the organisation it ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...