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It was developed in 1954 by Japanese medical laboratory scientist Dr. Katsuya Kato (1912–1991). [6] [7] The technique was modified for use in field studies in 1972 by a Brazilian team of researchers led by Brazilian parasitologist Naftale Katz (b.1940), [8] [9] and this modification was adopted by the WHO as a gold standard for multiple helminth infections.
Viruses such as rotavirus can also be found in stools. [11] Other stool tests involve the detection of antibiotic resistance as to guide appropriate therapy, e.g. Clarithromycin resistance of Helicobacter pylori represents a major challenge in eradication therapy but the responsible bacterial genomic markers can be detected in stool using PCR ...
This parasite can be diagnosed by taking a tissue biopsy from the small intestine or by examining stool samples through a microscope. [9] In a heavily infected person, it is best to examine their feces because it will show an abundance of adult worms and eggs.
However, due to intermittent egg shedding, multiple stool samples may be necessary for an accurate diagnosis. The WHO recommends the Kato-Katz technique as the method of choice for fascioliasis diagnosis attending to its ease of use and reproducibility, and its enhanced sensitivity compared with the observation of eggs in fresh faeces.
[citation needed] The Kato technique (also called the Kato-Katz technique) is a laboratory method for preparing human stool samples prior to searching for parasite eggs. Eggs per gram is a laboratory test that determines the number of eggs per gram of feces in patients suspected of having a parasitological infection, such as schistosomiasis.
A stool ova and parasites exam reveals the presence of typical whipworm eggs. Typically, the Kato-Katz thick-smear technique is used for identification of the Trichuris trichiura eggs in the stool sample. Trichuria eggs often appear larger and more swollen on Kato-Katz preparation compared to when using other techniques. [18]
The oocytes may be seen by microscopic examination of a stool sample, but they may be confused with other objects or artifacts similar in appearance. [18] Most cryptosporidia are 3–6 μm in size, although some reports have described larger cells. [18] Boiling is believed to be the safest option for water contaminated by Cryptosporidium. [19 ...
Major groups of parasites include protozoans (organisms having only one cell) and parasitic worms (helminths). Of these, protozoans, including cryptosporidium, microsporidia, and isospora, are most common in HIV-infected persons. Each of these parasites can infect the digestive tract, and sometimes two or more can cause infection at the same time.
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