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Civil liberties were first introduced to southern and eastern Ukraine following the February Revolution, but were suspended with the outbreak of the Ukrainian War of Independence, when the territory fell under the sequential control of the Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and South Russia.
History of Anarchism in Russia entry at the Anarchy Archives "Russian anarchism". Spunk Library. Black Bloc Archived 2013-07-20 at the Wayback Machine; A chronology of Russian anarchism Archived 2009-09-14 at the Wayback Machine (1921–1953) from Libcom.org; Articles on Bolshevik repression of anarchists after 1917 from the Kate Sharpley Library
The Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Революційна Повстанська Армія України, romanized: Revoliutsiina Povstanska Armiia Ukrainy; RIAU), also known as Makhnovtsi (Ukrainian: Махновці), named after their founder Nestor Makhno, was an anarchist army formed largely of Ukrainian peasants and workers during the Russian Civil War.
The Russian Civil War (Russian: Гражданская война в России, romanized: Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossii) was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.
Russian anarchists opposed the creation of a regular Red Army with the call "To arms!" and the widespread organization of rebel committees with the aim of total arming of the populace. The anarchist press of Petrograd , Moscow and other large centers carried out massive agitation with the aim of creating free fighting squads of the "Black Guard".
After the combined Bolshevik-Makhnovist forces defeated Pyotr Wrangel in Crimea and ended the Russian Civil War's Southern Front, the Bolsheviks once again turned on their anarchist allies. [226] In late November 1920, the Red Army launched a surprise attack against the insurgent forces, putting the Makhnovist capital of Huliaipole under siege ...
Together, the united front of the anarchists and the Bolsheviks was able to defeat the White offensive and force them back to Crimea, where the Whites coordinated their evacuation, bringing an end to the Southern Front of the Russian Civil War. [109]
The civil war in Russia has generally been analyzed as a conflict between the Reds and the Whites . In reality, beyond the military confrontations between the Red Army and the various units that made up a fairly heteroclite white army, the most important thing was what happened in the rear of the most important front lines.