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Precipitation hardening, also called age hardening or particle hardening, is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminium, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and some steels, stainless steels, and duplex stainless steel.
Martensitic stainless alloys are hardenable by heat treatment, specifically by quenching and stress relieving, or by quenching and tempering (referred to as QT). [9] [10] The alloy composition, and the high cooling rate of quenching enable the formation of martensite. Untempered martensite is low in toughness and therefore brittle.Tempered ...
Steel castings after undergoing 12-hour 1,200 °C (2,190 °F) heat treatment. Complex heat treating schedules, or "cycles", are often devised by metallurgists to optimize an alloy's mechanical properties. In the aerospace industry, a superalloy may undergo five or more different heat treating operations to develop the desired properties.
440C (UNS designation S44004) is a martensitic 400 series stainless steel, [1] and has the highest carbon content of the 400 stainless steel series. It can be heat treated to reach hardness of 58 to 60 HRC. It can be used to make rolling contact stainless bearings, e.g. ball bearings and roller bearings. It is also used to make knife blades.
In 200 series stainless steels the structure is obtained by adding manganese and nitrogen, with a small amount of nickel content, making 200 series a cost-effective nickel-chromium austenitic type stainless steel. 300 series stainless steels are the larger subgroup. The most common austenitic stainless steel and most common of all stainless ...
This process is mainly suited for low-carbon steel. The material is heated up to a temperature just below the lower critical temperature of steel. Cold-worked steel normally tends to possess increased hardness and decreased ductility, making it difficult to work. Process annealing tends to improve these characteristics.
Differentially tempered steel. The various colors produced indicate the temperature the steel was heated to. Light straw indicates 204 °C (399 °F) and light blue indicates 337 °C (639 °F). [1] [2] Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys.
The final matte, non-glare finish meets or exceeds stainless steel specifications, is 85% more corrosion resistant than a hard chrome finish, and is 99.9% salt-water corrosion resistant. [31] After the Tenifer process, a black Parkerized finish is applied and the slide is protected even if the finish were to wear off.
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