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The operation of thermal dispersion mass flow meters is attributed to L.V. King who, in 1914, published his famous King's Law revealing how a heated wire immersed in a fluid flow measures the mass velocity at a point in the flow. King called his instrument a "hot-wire anemometer".
Hot wire anemometers use a fine wire (on the order of several micrometres) electrically heated to some temperature above the ambient. Air flowing past the wire cools the wire. As the electrical resistance of most metals is dependent upon the temperature of the metal ( tungsten is a popular choice for hot-wires), a relationship can be obtained ...
The hot film MAF sensor works somewhat similar to the hot wire MAF sensor, but instead it usually outputs a frequency signal. This sensor uses a hot film-grid instead of a hot wire. [3] It is commonly found in late 1980s and early 1990s fuel-injected vehicles. The output frequency is directly proportional to the air mass entering the engine.
The transient hot wire method (THW) is a very popular, accurate and precise technique to measure the thermal conductivity of gases, liquids, [3] solids, [4] nanofluids [5] and refrigerants [6] in a wide temperature and pressure range. The technique is based on recording the transient temperature rise of a thin vertical metal wire with infinite ...
A hot-wire anemometer, for example, registers decreases in wire temperature, which can be translated into airflow velocity by analyzing the rate of change. Convective cooling is a function of airflow rate, and the electrical resistance of most metals is dependent upon the temperature of the metal, which is affected by the convective cooling. [ 5 ]
After work on laminar instability (with W. O. Criminale) and magneto-fluid dynamic fluctuations (with M. M. Stanisic), he introduced a practical turbulent shear equation closure model with (V. Nee). That was followed by partially deterministic turbulence models (with R. Lee and R. Takaki).
Hot-wiring, a method of starting a car with no key; Hot-wire foam cutter, a tool used to cut foam and polystyrene; Hot wire (electricity), a wire conductor with non-zero potential in electric power distribution; Hot-wire anemometer, an electrical device for measuring the speed of airflow
Anemometer; Ultrasonic flow meter; Mass flow meter (Coriolis force). Flow measurement methods other than positive-displacement flowmeters rely on forces produced by the flowing stream as it overcomes a known constriction, to indirectly calculate flow. Flow may be measured by measuring the velocity of fluid over a known area.
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