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A child holding an edible pod pea in Kenya. Snow peas, along with snap peas and unlike field and garden peas, are notable for having edible pods that lack inedible fiber [11] (in the form of "parchment", a fibrous layer found in the inner pod rich in lignin [12]) in the pod walls. Snow peas have the thinner walls of the two edible pod variants.
A marine food web is a food web of marine life. At the base of the ocean food web are single-celled algae and other plant-like organisms known as phytoplankton. The second trophic level (primary consumers) is occupied by zooplankton which feed off the phytoplankton. Higher order consumers complete the web.
Marine snow comprises macroscopic organic aggregates >500 μm in size and originates from clumps of aggregated phytoplankton (phytodetritus), discarded appendicularian houses, fecal matter and other miscellaneous detrital particles, [56] Appendicularians secrete mucous feeding structures or "houses" to collect food particles and discard and ...
In the deep ocean, marine snow (also known as "ocean dandruff") is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. It is a significant means of exporting energy from the light -rich photic zone to the aphotic zone below, which is referred to as the biological pump .
Zooplankton feed on bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, other zooplankton (sometimes cannibalistically), detritus (or marine snow) and even nektonic organisms. As a result, zooplankton are primarily found in surface waters where food resources (phytoplankton or other zooplankton) are abundant.
Krill feeding in a high phytoplankton concentration (slowed by a factor of 12). Filter feeders are aquatic animals that acquire nutrients by feeding on organic matters, food particles or smaller organisms (bacteria, microalgae and zooplanktons) suspended in water, typically by having the water pass over or through a specialized filtering organ that sieves out and/or traps solids.
Marine snow also includes fish fecal pellets and other organic detritus, and steadily falls thousands of meters below active plankton blooms. [ 133 ] Of the carbon-rich biomass generated by plankton blooms, half (or more) is generally consumed by grazing organisms ( zooplankton , krill , small fish, etc.) but 20 to 30% sinks below 200 meters ...
Ram feeding and suction feeding are on opposite sides of the feeding spectrum, where extreme ram feeding is when a predator swims over an immobile prey item with open jaws to engulf the prey. Extreme suction feeding is demonstrated by sit-and-wait predators that rely on rapid depression of the jaws to capture prey (e.g., frogfish, Antennariidae).