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Of all the schools of ancient philosophy, Stoicism made the greatest claim to being utterly systematic. [17] In the view of the Stoics, philosophy is the practice of virtue, and virtue, the highest form of which is utility, is generally speaking, constructed from ideals of logic, monistic physics, and naturalistic ethics. [18]
Epictetus (/ ˌ ɛ p ɪ k ˈ t iː t ə s /, EH-pick-TEE-təss; [3] Ancient Greek: Ἐπίκτητος, Epíktētos; c. 50 – c. 135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. [4] [5] He was born into slavery at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present-day Pamukkale, in western Turkey) and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece, where he spent the rest of his life.
He was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC. Based on the moral ideas of the Cynics, Stoicism laid great emphasis on goodness and peace of mind gained from living a life of virtue in accordance with nature.
Depiction of the book of life. In Judaism, Christianity and Islam ( Angels) the Book of Life (Biblical Hebrew: ספר החיים, transliterated Sefer HaḤayyim; Ancient Greek: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς, romanized: Biblíon tēs Zōēs Arabic: سفر الحياة, romanized: Sifr al-Ḥayā) is an alleged book in which God records, or will record, the names of every person who is ...
Founded by the philosopher Zeno of Citium, the Stoic philosophy was founded around 300 BC in Athens, Greece. The four tenets of this philosophy are wisdom, courage, temperance and justice.
The Discourses of Epictetus (Greek: Ἐπικτήτου διατριβαί, Epiktētou diatribai) are a series of informal lectures by the Stoic philosopher Epictetus written down by his pupil Arrian around 108 AD. Four books out of an original eight are still extant. The philosophy of Epictetus is intensely practical. He directs his students ...
Seneca regards philosophy as a balm for the wounds of life. [52] The destructive passions, especially anger and grief, must be uprooted, [53] or moderated according to reason. [54] He discusses the relative merits of the contemplative life and the active life, [52] and he considers it important to confront one's own mortality and be able to ...
The Paradoxa Stoicorum (English: Stoic Paradoxes) is a work by the academic skeptic philosopher Cicero in which he attempts to explain six famous Stoic sayings that appear to go against common understanding: (1) virtue is the sole good; (2) virtue is the sole requisite for happiness; (3) all good deeds are equally virtuous and all bad deeds equally vicious; (4) all fools are mad; (5) only the ...