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Neonatal hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar in newborn babies, occurs when an infant's blood glucose level is below normal. [1] Diagnostic thresholds vary internationally. In the US, hypoglycemia is when the blood glucose level is below 30 mg/dL within the first 24 hours of life and below 45 mg/dL after, but international standards differ. [2]
Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a common, non-threatening rash in newborns. [1] [2] It appears in 40-70% of newborns within the first week of life, and it typically improves within 1–2 weeks. [2] [3] [4] It only occurs during the newborn period, but may appear slightly later in premature babies. [2] [5] The rash has a variable appearance.
Improvement in blood sugar level and symptoms is expected to occur in 15–20 minutes, at which point blood sugar is measured again. [3] [2] If the repeat blood sugar level is not above 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L), the hypoglycemic should consume another 10–20 grams of a carbohydrate and with remeasurement of blood sugar levels after 15–20 minutes.
20% of newborns will develop neonatal acne however there has been debate if this is an accurate representation of actual diagnosed cases of acne as this could include other acneiform eruptions that do not present with comedones like neonatal cephalic pustulosis. [12] Neonatal acne occurs more often in boys than in girls. [4]
Blueberry muffin lesions in the newborn indicate the prolongation of skin blood production after birth. [3] Diagnosis involves a combination of appearance and laboratory studies, including blood tests for complete blood count, TORCH infections, haemoglobin, viral cultures and Coombs test. [1] A skin biopsy may be useful. [1]
Harlequin color change is a cutaneous condition seen in newborn babies characterized by momentary red color changes of half the child, sharply demarcated at the body's midline. This transient change occurs in approximately 10% of healthy newborns. [1] It is seen usually between two and five days of birth.
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This is a shortened version of the twelfth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue. It covers ICD codes 680 to 709. The full chapter can be found on pages 379 to 393 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.