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Anderson, Elisabeth Agents of Reform: Child Labor and the Origins of the Welfare State (Princeton University Press, 2021) Horn, Pamela. Children's work and welfare, 1780-1890 (Cambridge UP. 1995.) Humphries, Jane. Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution (Cambridge UP, 2011).
With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in Britain in the late 18th century, there was a rapid increase in the industrial exploitation of labour, including child labour. Industrial cities such as Birmingham , Manchester , and Liverpool rapidly grew from small villages into large cities and improving child mortality rates.
The Wages and Hours (later Fair Labor Standards) Act is passed, banning child labor and setting the 40-hour work week. [40] The Act went into effect in October 1940, and was upheld in the Supreme Court on 3 February 1941. 1939 (United States) Chrysler Auto Strike occurred. [40] Flint Sit-Down Strike window 1939 (United States)
Child labour existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in population and education it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders, [ 169 ] 10–20% of an adult male's wage.
Child labor in the United States was a common phenomenon across the economy in the 19th century. Outside agriculture, it gradually declined in the early 20th century, except in the South which added children in textile and other industries. Child labor remained common in the agricultural sector until compulsory school laws were enacted by the ...
Child labour increased during the Industrial Revolution due to the children's abilities to access smaller spaces and the ability to pay children less wages. In 1839 Prussia was the first country to pass laws restricting child labor in factories and setting the number of hours a child could work, [ 1 ] although a child labour law was passed was ...
Hindman, Hugh D. Child Labor: An American History (2002) Humphries, Jane. Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution (Cambridge Studies in Economic History) (2011) excerpt and text search; Kirby, Peter. Child Labour in Britain, 1750–1870 (2003) excerpt and text search; Mofford, Juliet. Child Labor in America (1970) Tuttle ...
The Act passed in 1819 was only a pale shadow of Owen's draft of 1815. The bill presented in 1815, applied to all children in textile mills and factories; with children under ten were not to be employed; children between ten and eighteen could work no more than ten hours a day, with two hours for mealtimes and half an hour for schooling this made a 12.5 hour day; Magistrates were to be ...