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The choice of whether to use a Sino-Korean noun or a native Korean word is a delicate one, with the Sino-Korean alternative often sounding more profound or refined. It is in much the same way that Latin- or French-derived words in English are used in higher-level vocabulary sets (e.g. the sciences), thus sounding more refined – for example ...
The following tables of consonants and vowels (jamo) of the Korean alphabet display (in blue) the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are divided into initials (leading consonants), vowels (middle), and finals tables (trailing consonants).
Each Korean speech level can be combined with honorific or non-honorific noun and verb forms. Taken together, there are 14 combinations. Some of these speech levels are disappearing from the majority of Korean speech. Hasoseo-che is now used mainly in movies or dramas set in the Joseon era and in religious speech. [1]
The lemma or citation form of a Korean verb is the form that ends in ta 다 da without a tense-aspect marker. For verbs, this form was used as an imperfect declarative form in Middle Korean, [3] but is no longer used in Modern Korean. [4] For adjectives, this form is the non-past declarative form.
The traditional writing system known as gugyeol, used punctuation to interpret Chinese characters in a way Korean speakers could understand. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] One of the marks used in gugyeol was a dot • called 역독점 ( yeokdokjeom ), which was used to indicate reading order. [ 1 ]
The Korean alphabet is the modern writing system for the Korean language. In North Korea, the alphabet is known as Chosŏn'gŭl [a] (North Korean: 조선글), and in South Korea, it is known as Hangul [b] (South Korean: 한글 [c]). [3] [4] [5] The letters for the five basic consonants reflect the shape of the speech organs used to pronounce them.
Basic Hanja for Educational Use (Korean: 한문 교육용 기초 한자, romanized: hanmun gyoyukyong gicho Hanja) are a subset of Hanja defined in 1972 (and subsequently revised in 2000) by the South Korean Ministry of Education for educational use. Students are expected to learn 900 characters in middle school and a further 900 at high school.
The Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK; Korean: 한국어능력시험; Hanja: 韓國語能力試驗) is a test to measure the Korean language proficiency of non-native speakers in South Korea. This examination system was introduced by the South Korean government in 1997 and conducted by a branch of the Ministry of Education of the country.