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Oldest extant Chinese dictionary, semantic field collation, one of the Thirteen Classics: Fangyan: 15 BC (Han) Yang Xiong, first dictionary of Chinese regional varieties: Le Grand Ricci (or Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise) 2001, DVD 2010: 7 volume Chinese-French dictionary, 13,500 characters and about 300,000 entries of terms and ...
A page from the Yiqiejing yinyi, the oldest extant Chinese dictionary of Buddhist technical terminology – Dunhuang manuscripts, c. 8th century. There are two types of dictionaries regularly used in the Chinese language: 'character dictionaries' (字典; zìdiǎn) list individual Chinese characters, and 'word dictionaries' (辞典; 辭典; cídiǎn) list words and phrases.
Southern Min (simplified Chinese: 闽南语; traditional Chinese: 閩南語; pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm-gí/gú; lit. 'Southern Min language'), Minnan (Mandarin pronunciation: [mìn.nǎn]) or Banlam (Min Nan Chinese pronunciation:), is a group of linguistically similar and historically related Chinese languages that form a branch of Min Chinese spoken in Fujian (especially ...
The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects (Chinese: 現代漢語方言大詞典; pinyin: Xiàndài Hànyǔ fāngyán dà cídiǎn) is a compendium of dictionaries for 42 local varieties of Chinese following a common format.
Loanwords have entered written and spoken Chinese from many sources, including ancient peoples whose descendants now speak Chinese. In addition to phonetic differences, varieties of Chinese such as Cantonese and Shanghainese often have distinct words and phrases left from their original languages which they continue to use in daily life and sometimes even in Mandarin.
In some cases a semantic shift has occurred in Min or the rest of Chinese: *tiaŋ B 鼎 "wok". The Min form preserves the original meaning "cooking pot", but in other Chinese varieties this word (MC tengX > dǐng) has become specialized to refer to ancient ceremonial tripods. [38] *dzhən A "rice field".
The use of the term Xinhua Zidian has been disputed in China since the publishing of the dictionary is no longer arranged by the government. The Commercial Press insisted that the name is a specific term while other publishing houses believed that it is a generic term, as many of them published their own Chinese dictionary under the name.
Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary (Vietnamese: từ Hán Việt, Chữ Hán: 詞漢越, literally 'Chinese-Vietnamese words') is a layer of about 3,000 monosyllabic morphemes of the Vietnamese language borrowed from Literary Chinese with consistent pronunciations based on Middle Chinese. Compounds using these morphemes are used extensively in cultural ...