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  2. Standard step method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Step_Method

    This can only occur in a smooth channel that does not experience any changes in flow, channel geometry, roughness or channel slope. During uniform flow, the flow depth is known as normal depth (yn). This depth is analogous to the terminal velocity of an object in free fall, where gravity and frictional forces are in balance (Moglen, 2013). [ 3 ]

  3. Manning formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manning_formula

    The Manning formula or Manning's equation is an empirical formula estimating the average velocity of a liquid in an open channel flow (flowing in a conduit that does not completely enclose the liquid).

  4. Open channel spillway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_channel_spillway

    Side channel spillways are typically used to discharge floods perpendicular to the general direction of flow by placing the control weir parallel to the upper portion of the discharge channel. [4] It offers low flow velocities upstream and minimizes erosion. However, it can cause a sudden increase in reservoir level if the channel is submerged.

  5. Chézy formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chézy_formula

    The Chézy formula describes mean flow velocity in turbulent open channel flow and is used broadly in fields related to fluid mechanics and fluid dynamics. Open channels refer to any open conduit, such as rivers, ditches, canals, or partially full pipes. The Chézy formula is defined for uniform equilibrium and non-uniform, gradually varied flows.

  6. Parshall flume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parshall_flume

    Parshall flumes require a drop in elevation through the flume. To accommodate the drop in an existing channel either the flume must be raised above the channel floor (raising the upstream water level) or the downstream channel must be modified. As with weirs, flumes can also have an effect on local fauna. Some species or certain life stages of ...

  7. Sluice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluice

    A sluice (/ s l u s / SLOOS) is a water channel containing a sluice gate, a type of lock to manage the water flow and water level. It can also be an open channel which processes material, such as a river sluice used in gold prospecting or fossicking. A mill race, leet, flume, penstock or lade is a sluice channeling water toward a water mill.

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    mail.aol.com

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  9. Spillway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillway

    The ogee crest over-tops a dam, a side channel wraps around the topography of a dam, and a labyrinth uses a zig-zag design to increase the sill length for a thinner design and increased discharge. A drop inlet resembles an intake for a hydroelectric power plant and transfers water from behind the dam directly through tunnels to the river ...