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By convention, most common law jurisdictions divide the constitutional documents of companies into two separate documents: [1]. the Memorandum of Association (in some countries referred to as the Articles of Incorporation) is the primary document, and will generally regulate the company's activities with the outside world, such as the company's objects and powers.
Key among these "basic features", as expounded by Justice Khanna, are the fundamental rights guaranteed to individuals by the constitution. [1] [2] [3] The doctrine thus forms the basis of the power of the Supreme Court of India to review and strike down constitutional amendments and acts enacted by the Parliament which conflict with or seek to ...
As the fundamental document constituting a state, a constitution cannot normally be modified or amended by the state's normal legislative procedures in some jurisdictions; [4] instead a constitutional convention or a constituent assembly, the rules for which are normally laid down in the constitution, must be set up. A constituent assembly is ...
However, the Constitution of India was specifically amended (84th amendment) in 2002, not to have interstate delimitation of constituencies till the "first census conducted after the year 2026". [2] Thus, the present constituencies carved out on the basis of the 2001 census shall continue to be in operation till then. [22]
[2] The Indian Constitution is the most amended national constitution in the world. [3] The Constitution spells out governmental powers with so much detail that many matters addressed by statute in other democracies must be addressed via constitutional amendment in India. As a result, the Constitution is amended roughly twice a year.
The Comparative Constitutions Project is an academic study of the content of the world's constitutions from 1789 to 2022, with yearly updates. The project was founded by Zachary Elkins and Tom Ginsburg in 2005 when they were colleagues at the University of Illinois and fellows at the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. [1]
An uncodified constitution is a type of constitution where the fundamental rules often take the form of customs, usage, precedent and a variety of statutes and legal instruments. [1] An explicit understanding of such a constitution can be developed through commentary by the judiciary , government committees or legal experts .
A convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution, also referred to as an Article V Convention, state convention, [1] or amendatory convention is one of two methods authorized by Article Five of the United States Constitution whereby amendments to the United States Constitution may be proposed: on the Application of two thirds of the State legislatures (that is, 34 of the 50 ...