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The common side effects of Tedral include gastrointestinal disturbances, dizziness, headache and lightheadedness. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] However, at high dose, it may lead to cardiac arrhythmias , hypertension , seizures or other serious cardiovascular and/or central nervous system adverse effects.
Theophylline extended-release tablets in Japan. Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. [1] It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. [2] Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine ...
Beyond adverse effects from the herb itself, "adulteration, inappropriate formulation, or lack of understanding of plant and drug interactions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life threatening or lethal." [3]
[9] [7] [10] A ratio of 5:1 theophylline to ephedrine is usually used in combinations of the drugs. [11] Later research found that the combination was no more effective for asthma than theophylline alone but produced more side effects. [9] [1] [12] [7]
A mouse study on the potentiating effects of methylxanthines coadministered with mitomycin C on teratogenicity reported the incidence of birth defects for caffeine, theophylline, and paraxanthine to be 94.2%, 80.0%, and 16.9%, respectively; additionally, average birth weight decreased significantly in mice exposed to caffeine or theophylline ...
While this off target activity can increase their effectiveness in promoting anabolism, it also increases the risk of adverse effects. [8] Monoclonal antibodies have been developed that disable myostatin, including apitegromab, domagrozumab, landogrozumab, and stamulumab. [9] Another form of myostatin inhibition is gene therapy. [10]
In animal and human studies, it has shown similar efficacy to theophylline but with significantly fewer side effects. [5] In February 2014, the US FDA granted an orphan drug designation to doxofylline for the treatment of bronchiectasis following the submission of an application by Alitair Pharmaceuticals, in May 2013. [6] [7] [8]
Upon exposure to air, it gradually loses ethylenediamine and absorbs carbon dioxide with the liberation of free theophylline. Its solutions are alkaline . 1 g dissolves in 25 mL of water to give a clear solution; 1 g dissolved in 5 mL of water crystallizes upon standing, but redissolves when a small amount of ethylenediamine is added.