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In medicine, Friedreich's sign is the exaggerated drop in diastolic central venous pressure seen in constrictive pericarditis (particularly with a stiff calcified pericardium) and manifested as abrupt collapse of the neck veins or marked descent of the central venous pressure waveform. The normal jugular venous waveform contains two descents, x ...
Constrictive pericarditis is a condition characterized by a thickened, fibrotic pericardium, limiting the heart's ability to function normally. [1] In many cases, the condition continues to be difficult to diagnose and therefore benefits from a good understanding of the underlying cause.
Complications can include cardiac tamponade, myocarditis, and constrictive pericarditis. [1] [2] Pericarditis is an uncommon cause of chest pain. [9] About 3 per 10,000 people are affected per year. [2] Those most commonly affected are males between the ages of 20 and 50. [10] Up to 30% of those affected have more than one episode. [10]
CT imaging also helps assess for pericardial pathology (pericardial thickening, constrictive pericarditis, malignancy-associated pericarditis). [1] Whereas cardiac MRI is reserved for patients with poor echocardiogram findings and for assessing pericardial inflammation, especially for patients with continued inflammation despite treatment. [5]
With cardiac tamponade, jugular veins are distended and typically show a prominent x descent and an absent y descent as opposed to patients with constrictive pericarditis (prominent x and y descent); see Beck's triad. [1] Other possible causes of Kussmaul's sign include: [2] [citation needed] Right ventricular infarction - low ventricular ...
constrictive pericarditis. One study found that pulsus paradoxus occurs in less than 20% of patients with constrictive pericarditis. [11] pericardial effusion, including cardiac tamponade; cardiogenic shock; Pulmonary: pulmonary embolism; tension pneumothorax; asthma (especially with severe asthma exacerbations) chronic obstructive pulmonary ...
[1] [2] This operation is most commonly used to relieve constrictive pericarditis, or to remove a pericardium that is calcified and fibrous. [2] It may also be used for severe or recurrent cases of pericardial effusion. [3] Post-operative outcomes and mortality are significantly impacted by the disease it is used to treat. [4] [5]
Constrictive pericarditis is a rare cause. Masses can grow to press on major blood vessels causing shock. [4] [6] Tension pneumothorax.
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