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This is a list of political entities in the 19th century AD (i.e. 1801–1900). It includes both sovereign states , self-declared unrecognized states, and any political predecessors of current sovereign states.
A tree of liberty topped with a Phrygian cap set up in Mainz in 1793. Such symbols were used by several revolutionary movements of the time. It took place in both the Americas and Europe, including the United States (1775–1783), Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1788–1792), France and French-controlled Europe (1789–1814), Haiti (1791–1804), Ireland (1798) and Spanish America (1810 ...
The Age of Revolution is a period from the late-18th to the mid-19th centuries during which a number of significant revolutionary movements occurred in most of Europe and the Americas. [2] The period is noted for the change from absolutist monarchies to representative governments with a written constitution, and the creation of nation states.
The revolutions arose from such a wide variety of causes that it is difficult to view them as resulting from a coherent movement or set of social phenomena. Numerous changes had been taking place in European society throughout the first half of the 19th century. Both liberal reformers and radical politicians were reshaping national governments.
Europe's population doubled during the 19th century, from approximately 200 million to more than 400 million. [7] The introduction of railroads provided the first major advancement in land transportation for centuries, changing the way people lived and obtained goods, and fuelling major urbanization movements in countries across the globe ...
This independence led to the development of new national boundaries based on the colonial provinces, which would form the future independent countries that constituted contemporary Latin America during the early 19th century. [28] Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish rule until the 1898 Spanish–American War.
The Young America Movement was an American political, cultural and literary movement in the mid-19th century. Inspired by European reform movements of the 1830s (such as Junges Deutschland , Young Italy and Young Hegelians ), the American group was formed as a political organization in 1845 by Edwin de Leon and George Henry Evans .
Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Boorstin, Daniel J. (1967). The Americans: The National Experience. Browning, Andrew H. (2019). The Panic of 1819: The First Great Depression. Clark, Christopher (2007). Social Change in America: From the Revolution to the Civil War. Genovese, Eugene D. (1976).