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  2. Etiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiology

    The word is derived from the Greek word αἰτιολογία (aitiología), meaning "giving a reason for" (from αἰτία (aitía) 'cause' and -λογία 'study of'). [1] More completely, etiology is the study of the causes, origins, or reasons behind the way that things are, or the way they function, or it can refer to the causes ...

  3. Cause (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cause_(medicine)

    An etiological agent of disease may require an independent co-factor, and be subject to a promoter (increases expression) to cause disease. An example of all the above, which was recognized late, is that peptic ulcer disease may be induced by stress, requires the presence of acid secretion in the stomach, and has primary etiology in ...

  4. Koch's postulates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch's_postulates

    Other exceptions to Koch's postulates include evidence that some pathogens can cause several diseases, such as the varicella-zoster virus causing chickenpox and shingles. Conversely, diseases like meningitis can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens.

  5. List of causes of death by rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_causes_of_death_by...

    The causes listed are relatively immediate medical causes, but the ultimate cause of death might be described differently. For example, tobacco smoking often causes lung disease or cancer, and alcohol use disorder can cause liver failure or a motor vehicle accident.

  6. Tuberculosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis

    However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause disease, [169] and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic. [87] In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million chronic cases were active. [ 170 ] In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred (most of these occurring in developing countries ).

  7. Infection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

    Primary pathogens cause disease as a result of their presence or activity within the normal, healthy host, and their intrinsic virulence (the severity of the disease they cause) is, in part, a necessary consequence of their need to reproduce and spread. Many of the most common primary pathogens of humans only infect humans, however, many ...

  8. Idiopathic disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_disease

    An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin. [ 1 ] For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of people with the condition, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized.

  9. Causes of mental disorders - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_mental_disorders

    Risk factors for mental illness include psychological trauma, adverse childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and personality traits. [7] [8] Correlations between mental disorders and substance use are also found to have a two way relationship, in that substance use can lead to the development of mental disorders and having mental disorders can lead to substance use/abuse.