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In heraldry, an escutcheon (/ ɪ ˈ s k ʌ tʃ ən /) is a shield that forms the main or focal element in an achievement of arms.The word can be used in two related senses. In the first sense, an escutcheon is the shield upon which a coat of arms is displayed.
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design [1] on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest, and a motto.
The German Hyghalmen Roll was made in the late 15th century and illustrates the German practice of repeating themes from the arms in the crest. (See Roll of arms).. Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree.
In English heraldry the crescent, mullet, martlet, annulet, fleur-de-lis and rose may be added to a shield to distinguish cadet branches of a family from the senior line. It does not follow, however, that a shield containing such a charge necessarily belongs to a cadet branch. All of these charges occur frequently in basic (undifferenced) coats ...
A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand, which may or may not be strapped to the wrist or forearm. [2] Shields are used to intercept specific attacks, whether from close-ranged weaponry like spears or long ranged projectiles such as arrows. They function as means of active blocks, as well as to provide passive protection by ...
The escutcheon (shield) bears resemblance to the United States flag, with two exceptions in particular: The blue chief contains no stars (although certain derivative arms do, e.g. the chief of the arms of the United States Senate). The outermost stripes are white, not red, to avoid violation of the rule of tincture, as the chief is blue.
Bordure: the boundary of the shield; often used for cadency; Pile: downward pointing triangle, issuing from the top of the shield; Pall or Pairle: a Y-shape A variant is the shakefork: a pall cut short of the margins, with pointed ends. It is frequent in Scotland, owing to its prominence in the armoury of Clan Cunningham.
Such a shield is preserved, the shield of Konrad von Thüringen, dated c. 1230, showing the lion barry of the Ludovingians. This heater-shaped form was used in warfare during the apogee of the Age of Chivalry , and it becomes the classic heraldic shield, or escutcheon , at about the time of the Battle of Crecy (1346) and the founding of the ...