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Klieg lights. A Klieg light is an intense carbon arc lamp especially used in filmmaking.It is named after inventor John Kliegl and his brother Anton Kliegl.Klieg lights usually have a Fresnel lens with a spherical reflector or an ellipsoidal reflector with a lens train containing two plano-convex lenses or a single step lens.
In a carbon arc lamp, the electrodes are carbon rods in free air. To ignite the lamp, the rods are touched together, thus allowing a relatively low voltage to strike the arc. [1] The rods are then slowly drawn apart, and electric current heats and maintains an arc across the gap. The tips of the carbon rods are heated and the carbon vaporizes. [1]
[33] [29] The takeover of the incandescent lamp would be inexorable. [36] [37] [29] From about 1908, motion picture studios were using the company's floor-stand arc lamps, which allowed for point-source lighting, including some of the first low-light effects; the shadow produced by the two pairs of carbon rods can be seen in some early films. [38]
The Xenon arc lamp was introduced in Germany in 1957 and in the US in 1963. After film platters became commonplace in the 1970s, Xenon lamps became the most common light source, as they could stay lit for extended periods of time, whereas a carbon rod used for a carbon arc could last for an hour at the most.
They can also move 'live' (with the lamp on), to achieve many of the effects used in modern productions. The majority of intelligent fixtures employ arc lamps as a light source, and therefore use a variety of mechanical methods to achieve the effect of dimming. Some fixtures employ standard halogen lamps.
In the late 1960s German television producers requested lamp developer OSRAM to create a safer and cleaner replacement for carbon arc lighting used by the film industry. Osram developed and began producing HMI lamps at their request. [2] Philips produced a variation on the HMI, a single-ended version called MSR (medium source rare-earth). It ...
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ATS officers-in-training crew a 90 cm searchlight in Western Command, 1944. A searchlight (or spotlight) is an apparatus that combines an extremely bright source (traditionally a carbon arc lamp) with a mirrored parabolic reflector to project a powerful beam of light of approximately parallel rays in a particular direction.