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The in-line components, known as fittings, [3] valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of piping design (or piping engineering), though the sensors and automatic controlling devices may alternatively be treated as part of ...
Flow assurance [1] [2] is a relatively new term in oil and gas industry. It refers to ensuring successful and economical flow of hydrocarbon stream from reservoir to the point of sale. The term was coined by Petrobras in the early 1990s ahead of a DeepStar Program meeting, in Portuguese as Garantia do Escoamento [ 3 ] ( pt::Garantia do ...
An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control.Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field connections.
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HDPE pipeline on a mine site in Australia. A pipeline is a system of pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than 2,175,000 miles (3,500,000 km) of pipeline in 120 countries around the world. [1]
Apr. 9—Mostly out of sight but not out of mind, you might think Texas' 417,513 miles of intrastate oil and gas pipelines would be more than sufficient for the foreseeable future.
Galvanic systems offer the advantage of being easier to retrofit and do not need any control systems as ICCP does. For pipelines constructed from pre-stressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP), the techniques used for cathodic protection are generally as for steel pipelines except that the applied potential must be limited to prevent damage to the ...
Utilities have long been a mainstay for income investors. Stable by nature, the utilities sector is largely made up of established, cash-generating companies. Because these business are heavily ...