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Neuroimaging studies of preclinical and human subjects have demonstrated that chronic caffeine consumption does not sufficiently activate the reward system, relative to other drugs of addiction (e.g., cocaine, morphine, nicotine). [9] [10] [11] As a consequence, compulsive use (i.e., an addiction) of caffeine has yet to be observed in humans. [8]
These symptoms including nervousness, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, headaches, and palpitations after caffeine use. [4] Caffeinism usually occurs when consumption of caffeine reaches 1–1.5 grams (0.035–0.053 oz) per day. [5] For reference, a brewed 8oz (227ml) cup of coffee contains ~95 mg of caffeine (per USDA). [6]
The Auditory-Verbal Learning Test is a memory test that assesses recall of heard lists of words in single and multiple trials. Caffeinated subjects recalled fewer words than control subjects, and caffeinated subjects showed a greater deficit in recalling the middle- to end-portions of the lists.
Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. [20] [21] Unlike most other psychoactive substances, caffeine remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world. Caffeine is also an outlier as its use is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures with it even being encouraged.
An addictive personality refers to a hypothesized set of personality traits that make an individual predisposed to developing addictions.This hypothesis states that there may be common personality traits observable in people suffering from addiction; however, the lack of a universally agreed upon definition has marked the research surrounding addictive personality.
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...
Caffeine-induced psychosis is a relatively rare phenomenon that can occur in otherwise healthy people. Overuse of caffeine may also worsen psychosis in people suffering from schizophrenia. [1] It is characterized by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations.
Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder is a subclass of the DSM-5 diagnosis of substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder. [1] Consumption of caffeine has long been linked to anxiety. [2] The effects of caffeine and the symptoms of anxiety both increase activity within the sympathetic nervous system.