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According to current guidelines, a therapeutic approach should be implemented in three steps: (1) taking a second-generation antihistamine once daily; (2) increasing the daily dose of the second-generation antihistamine up to four times; and (3) pursuing off-label therapy with cyclosporine A or montelukast or add-on therapy with omalizumab ...
One of the most prevalent forms of adverse drug reactions is cutaneous reactions, [1] with drug-induced urticaria ranking as the second most common type, preceded by drug-induced exanthems. [2] Urticaria, commonly known as hives , manifests as weals, itching, burning, redness, swelling, and angioedema —a rapid swelling of lower skin layers ...
Methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol, Medrol, Solu-Medrol) is a synthetic glucocorticoid, primarily prescribed for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. [4] [5] [6] It is either used at low doses for chronic illnesses or used concomitantly at high doses during acute flares.
The dose and mode of administration is determined by platelet count and whether there is active bleeding: in urgent situations, infusions of dexamethasone or methylprednisolone may be used, while oral prednisone or prednisolone may suffice in less severe cases. Once the platelet count has improved, the dose of steroid is gradually reduced while ...
[9] [10] Treatment primarily involves managing symptoms and includes the use of antihistamines, corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies , and in some cases, immunosuppressive drugs. [11] [12] Despite ongoing research, many aspects of autoimmune urticaria remain poorly understood, and it continues to be a challenging condition to manage.
Because of a high immunogenicity of polyclonal antibodies, almost all patients have an acute reaction to the treatment. It is characterized by fever, rigor episodes, and even anaphylaxis. Later during the treatment, some patients develop serum sickness or immune complex glomerulonephritis. Serum sickness arises seven to fourteen days after the ...
The first outbreak of urticaria can lead to other reactions on body parts not directly stimulated, scraped, or scratched. In a normal case, the swelling will decrease without treatment within 15–30 minutes, but, in extreme cases, itchy red welts may last anywhere from a few hours to days.
Symptoms of overdose may include altered mental status with psychosis, burning or itching skin, seizures, deafness, depression, dry skin, heart rhythm disturbances, hypertension, increase appetite, increased infection risk, muscle weakness, nausea and vomiting, nervousness, sleepiness, stopping of menstrual cycle, swelling in lower legs, weak bones, weakness, and worsening of health conditions.