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Decentralized Internet of things, or decentralized IoT, is a modified IoT which utilizes fog computing to handle and balance requests of connected IoT devices in order to reduce loading on the cloud servers and improve responsiveness for latency-sensitive IoT applications like vital signs monitoring of patients, vehicle-to-vehicle communication ...
The multiple choice format is most frequently used in educational testing, in market research, and in elections, when a person chooses between multiple candidates, parties, or policies. Although E. L. Thorndike developed an early scientific approach to testing students, it was his assistant Benjamin D. Wood who developed the multiple-choice ...
The physical components of IT systems are crucial to early-stage smart city development. Wired infrastructure is required to support the IoT and wireless technologies central to more interconnected living. [74] A wired city environment provides general access to continually updated digital and physical infrastructure.
The Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) is an industry organization to develop standards, promote a set of interoperability guidelines, and provide a certification program for devices involved in the Internet of things (IoT). By 2016 it claimed to be one of the biggest industrial connectivity standards organizations for IoT. [2]
Cyber-physical systems (CPS): the basic technology platform for IoT and IIoT and therefore the main enabler to connect physical machines that were previously disconnected. CPS integrates the dynamics of the physical process with those of software and communication, providing abstractions and modeling, design, and analysis techniques.
MQTT (originally an initialism of MQ Telemetry Transport [a]) is a lightweight, publish–subscribe, machine-to-machine network protocol for message queue/message queuing service.
The Internet of Musical Things (also known as IoMusT) is a research area that aims to bring Internet of Things connectivity [1] [2] [3] to musical and artistic practices. . Moreover, it encompasses concepts coming from music computing, ubiquitous music, [4] human-computer interaction, [5] [6] artificial intelligence, [7] augmented reality, virtual reality, gaming, participative art, [8] and ...
Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications [1] and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual, that enable users to access, store, transmit, understand and ...