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For example, HOCl can react with double bonds in the organic reactant or product via a halohydrin formation reaction. To prevent interference from HOCl, a scavenger is usually added to the reaction to consume the HOCl as it is formed. For example, one can take advantage of the propensity of HOCl to undergo this addition reaction by adding a ...
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [2] [3] Its structure is H−O−Cl.It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming a hypochlorite anion, ClO −.
In organic chemistry, an addition reaction is an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule called the adduct. [1] [2] An addition reaction is limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds. Examples include a molecule with a carbon–carbon double bond (an alkene) or a triple bond (an alkyne).
In this reaction the carbonyl group is an aldehyde or a ketone. The catalyst is usually a weakly basic amine. The active hydrogen component has the forms: [3] Z−CH 2 −Z or Z−CHR−Z for instance diethyl malonate, Meldrum's acid, ethyl acetoacetate or malonic acid, or cyanoacetic acid. [1] Z−CHRR', for instance nitromethane.
[1] [2] [3] There are many forms of polymerization [4] and different systems exist to categorize them. IUPAC definition for polymerization In chemical compounds , polymerization can occur via a variety of reaction mechanisms that vary in complexity due to the functional groups present in the reactants [ 3 ] and their inherent steric effects .
In biochemistry, hydroxylation reactions are often facilitated by enzymes called hydroxylases. These enzymes insert an O atom into a C−H bond. Typical stoichiometries for the hydroxylation of a generic hydrocarbon are these: 2R 3 C−H + O 2 → 2 R 3 C−OH R 3 C−H + O 2 + 2e − + 2H + → R 3 C−OH + H 2 O
This net reaction can also be described as follows: [PdCl 4] 2 − + C 2 H 4 + H 2 O → CH 3 CHO + Pd + 2 HCl + 2 Cl −. This conversion is followed by reactions that regenerate the Pd(II) catalyst: Pd + 2 CuCl 2 + 2 Cl − → [PdCl 4] 2− + 2 CuCl 2 CuCl + 1 / 2 O 2 + 2 HCl → 2 CuCl 2 + H 2 O. Only the alkene and oxygen are consumed.
The Pauson–Khand (PK) reaction is a chemical reaction, described as a cycloaddition.In it, an alkyne, an alkene, and carbon monoxide combine into a α,β-cyclopentenone in the presence of a metal-carbonyl catalyst [1] [2] Ihsan Ullah Khand (1935–1980) discovered the reaction around 1970, while working as a postdoctoral associate with Peter Ludwig Pauson (1925–2013) at the University of ...