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Gravindex is an agglutination inhibition test performed on a urine sample to detect pregnancy. [1] It is based on double antigen antibody reaction. The test detects the prevention of agglutination of HCG -coated latex particles by HCG present in the urine of pregnant women.
Primodos was a hormone-based pregnancy test, produced by Schering AG, and used in the 1960s and 1970s that consisted of two pills that contained norethisterone (as acetate) and ethinylestradiol. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It detected pregnancy by inducing menstruation in women who were not pregnant.
Prenatal testing is a tool that can be used to detect some birth defects at various stages prior to birth. Prenatal testing consists of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis, which are aspects of prenatal care that focus on detecting problems with the pregnancy as early as possible. [1]
To reduce the risk of intraamniotic infection, antibiotics are supplied through the intravenous access about 30–60 minutes before the procedure. If movement of the fetus is a risk to the success of the procedure, the fetus may be paralyzed using a fetal paralytic drug. [10] This image shows anterior blood sampling from the umbilical cord.
A drug test (also often toxicology screen or tox screen) is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system , and specimens are easy to obtain. [ 1 ]
Immunologic pregnancy tests were introduced in 1960 when Wide and Gemzell presented a test based on in-vitro hemagglutination inhibition. This was a first step away from in-vivo pregnancy testing [ 42 ] [ 43 ] and initiated a series of improvements in pregnancy testing leading to the contemporary at-home testing. [ 43 ]
The NIPT test does not put the mother or the fetus in any type of danger compared to the other invasive tests that are available, making it the safest option for prenatal testing. Studies have found that the in the instance of detecting Trisomy 21 has a reliability value of 99.2%, which makes NIPT more reliable than other tests than are ...