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The panniculus (often incorrectly referred to as pannus) [1] is a dense layer of fatty tissue consisting of excess subcutaneous fat within the lower abdominal region. [2] Panniculi can form after rapid weight loss, as seen with strict exercise plans—in this case, the abdominal fat is successfully reduced, but excess skin is left behind which ...
In medicine, the ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA), also known as restorative proctocolectomy (RPC), ileal-anal reservoir (IAR), an ileo-anal pouch, ileal-anal pullthrough, or sometimes referred to as a J-pouch, S-pouch, W-pouch, or a pelvic pouch, is an anastomosis of a reservoir pouch made from ileum (small intestine) to the anus, bypassing the former site of the colon in cases where the ...
Abdominal fat is especially active hormonally, secreting a group of hormones called adipokines that may possibly impair glucose tolerance. But adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, which is found in lower concentration in obese and diabetic individuals has shown to be beneficial and protective in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). [14] [15]
The skin and fat of the lower abdomen are detached in a more limited fashion from the muscle fascia. The skin is stretched down and excess skin removed. Sometimes the belly button stalk is divided from the muscle below and the belly button slid down lower on the abdominal wall. Sometimes a portion of the abdominal muscle fascia wall is tightened.
As a result, the stomach can contain less food and nutrients are not as well absorbed, which causes weight loss. 3. Cholecystectomy: Surgically removing the gallbladder, frequently as a result of painful gallstones or other problems. 4. Colectomy: The removal of the colon (large intestine) whole or in part.
A Pfannenstiel incision for a caesarian section closed with surgical staples.The superior aspect of mons pubis and pubic hair are seen at bottom of the image.. A Pfannenstiel incision / ˈ f ɑː n ɪ n ʃ t iː l /, Kerr incision, Pfannenstiel-Kerr incision [1] or pubic incision is a type of abdominal surgical incision that allows access to the abdomen.
Complications of the surgery are rare, including pain and infection, which may require implant removal in 5% of cases. The effects of SNS may include increased resting and squeeze anal tone, and improved rectal sensitivity. There is reported reduction of involuntary loss of bowel contents and increased ability to postpone defecation.
William Ernest Miles (1869–1947), an English surgeon first performed the surgery of removing the rectum in 1907. He assumed that the rectal cancer can spread in both upwards and downward directions, thus necessitating the removal of the entire rectum together with the anal sphincters, resulting in a permanent stoma by connecting the proximal end of the descending colon to the skin.