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Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria; 26 February 1861 – 10 September 1948) was Prince of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1908 and Tsar of Bulgaria from 1908 until his abdication in 1918. Under his rule, Bulgaria entered the First World War on the side of the Central Powers in 1915.
Ferdinand took the Bulgarian title "Tsar" in honor of the rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires. However, while previous Bulgarian "tsars" were reckoned as emperors, Ferdinand and his successors were called "kings" outside Bulgaria. The Tarnovo Constitution was retained, with the word "tsar" replacing the word "prince" or ''knyaz''.
Ferdinand of Bulgaria proclaiming independence in Tarnovo, 1908. The de jure independence of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Независимост на България, romanized: Nezavisimost na Bǎlgariya) from the Ottoman Empire was proclaimed on 5 October [O.S. 22 September] 1908 in the old capital of Tarnovo by Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria, who afterwards took the title "Tsar".
Princess Clémentine (the Tsar's great-grandmother, mother of tsar Ferdinand I, died in 1907) Tsaritsa Eleonore (the Tsar's step-grandmother, second wife of tsar Ferdinand I, died in 1917) Tsar Boris III (the Tsar's father, died in 1943) Kiril, Prince of Preslav (the Tsar's uncle, doed in 1945) Tsar Ferdinand I (the Tsar's grandfather, died in ...
Tsar Ferdinand's second wife, Tsaritsa Eleonore, died in Euxinograd on 12 September 1917. Following the abolition of the monarchy in Bulgaria, the result of a referendum held under the auspices of the Communists in 1946, Euxinograd became a summer residence of the then-Communist authorities. The democratic changes in 1989 made the former royal ...
Ferdinand I, who had shortly been re-titled from a knyaz to a tsar after the Unification of Bulgaria, was asked to determine the monument's opening day. He didn't reply, so 11 August was chosen, as it was the climax date of the Battle of Shipka. The ceremony started three days earlier.
Eleonore remained neglected by Ferdinand throughout their marriage, leaving her to raise her stepchildren and devote herself to the welfare of the Bulgarian people. Eleonore came into her own during the Balkans and First World Wars when, working tirelessly as a nurse, she was a cause of great comfort for many injured and dying Bulgarian ...
Alžbeta Brezáková (1921 – 24 April 2015) was a Slovak nurse and the third wife of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria.The daughter of a castellan employed by the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, she served as a royal nanny and as personal assistant to the deposed Tsar Ferdinand while he lived in exile in Germany.