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A movement for burakumin rights began in the 1920s, and the Buraku Liberation League was founded in 1946; it has achieved some of its legal goals, including securing restrictions on third-party access to family registries. Notable burakumin include writer Kenji Nakagami and politician Hiromu Nonaka.
Kenji Nakagami (中上健次, Nakagami Kenji, August 2, 1946 – August 12, 1992) was a Japanese novelist and essayist.He is well known as the first, and so far the only, post-war Japanese writer to identify himself publicly as a Burakumin, a member of one of Japan's long-suffering outcaste groups.
The term has also been used to refer to other groups, including the Burakumin of Japan, the Baekjeong of Korea, and the Ragyabpa of Tibet, as well as the Romani people and Cagot in Europe, and the Al-Akhdam in Yemen.
In 2009, Google superimposed old woodblock prints of maps from 18th- and 19th-century Japan over Japan today. These maps marked areas inhabited by the burakumin caste, formerly known as eta (穢多), literally "abundance of defilement", who were considered "non-humans" for their "dirty" occupations, including leather tanning and butchery.
Population density map of the Empire of Japan (1920) Population density map of the Empire of Japan (1940) 1920 Commemorative stamp for 1st national census of the Empire of Japan Japanese policemen circa 1875 Jiichiro Matsumoto, a Japanese politician, leader of the Burakumin liberation movement Native Micronesian constables of Truk Island, circa 1930 Photograph of Atayal men in 1900
The origin of the Buraku Liberation League is the National Levelers Association (全国水平社, Zenkoku Suiheisha), founded in 1922.However, in 1942, some of the leading activists, including Asada Zennosuke (朝田善之助), were recruited into the military.
Hinin could be adopted by poor commoners and commoners having committed crimes. The Hinin status was hereditary. Unlike Eta, it was possible for the offspring of hinin to rejoin the commoner class, as long as they met some requirements.
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