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  2. Mediation (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation_(statistics)

    Indirect effect in a simple mediation model: The indirect effect constitutes the extent to which the X variable influences the Y variable through the mediator. In linear systems, the total effect is equal to the sum of the direct and indirect (C' + AB in the model above). In nonlinear models, the total effect is not generally equal to the sum ...

  3. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    Interactions can be direct when physical contact is established or indirect, through intermediaries such as shared resources, territories, ecological services, metabolic waste, toxins or growth inhibitors. This type of relationship can be shown by net effect based on individual effects on both organisms arising out of relationship.

  4. Moderated mediation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderated_mediation

    Moderated mediation, also known as conditional indirect effects, [2] occurs when the treatment effect of an independent variable A on an outcome variable C via a mediator variable B differs depending on levels of a moderator variable D. Specifically, either the effect of A on B, and/or the effect of B on C depends on the level of D.

  5. Structural equation modeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_equation_modeling

    Indirect effects are interpreted similarly, with the magnitude of a specific indirect effect equaling the product of the series of direct effects comprising that indirect effect. The units involved are the real scales of observed variables’ values, and the assigned scale values for latent variables.

  6. Competition (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(biology)

    Thus, the success of species A was to the detriment of species B — not because they competed for resources, but because their increased numbers had indirect effects on the predator population. This one-predator/two-prey model has been explored by ecologists as early as 1925, but the term "apparent competition" was first coined by University ...

  7. Path analysis (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_analysis_(statistics)

    In statistics, path analysis is used to describe the directed dependencies among a set of variables. This includes models equivalent to any form of multiple regression analysis, factor analysis, canonical correlation analysis, discriminant analysis, as well as more general families of models in the multivariate analysis of variance and covariance analyses (MANOVA, ANOVA, ANCOVA).

  8. PK/PD model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PK/PD_model

    PK/PD relationships can be described by simple equations such as linear model, Emax model or sigmoid Emax model. [5] However, if a delay is observed between the drug administration and the drug effect, a temporal dissociation needs to be taken into account and more complex models exist: [6] [7] Direct vs Indirect link PK/PD models

  9. Cooperation (evolution) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperation_(evolution)

    The theory is based on the hypothesis that cooperation helps in transmitting underlying genes to future generations either through increasing the reproductive successes of the individual (direct fitness) or of other individuals who carry the same genes (indirect fitness). Direct benefits can result from simple by-product of cooperation or ...