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Many of the techniques of digital image processing, or digital picture processing as it often was called, were developed in the 1960s, at Bell Laboratories, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Maryland, and a few other research facilities, with application to satellite imagery, wire-photo standards conversion, medical imaging, videophone ...
Each pixel of the output image at point (x,y) is given by the product of the pixels within the geometric mean mask raised to the power of 1/mn. For example, using a mask size of 3 by 3, pixel (x,y) in the output image will be the product of S(x,y) and all 8 of its surrounding pixels raised to the 1/9th power.
Split and merge segmentation is an image processing technique used to segment an image. The image is successively split into quadrants based on a homogeneity criterion and similar regions are merged to create the segmented result.
In mathematical morphology and digital image processing, a top-hat transform is an operation that extracts small elements and details from given images.There exist two types of top-hat transform: the white top-hat transform is defined as the difference between the input image and its opening by some structuring element, while the black top-hat transform is defined dually as the difference ...
Image derivatives can be computed by using small convolution filters of size 2 × 2 or 3 × 3, such as the Laplacian, Sobel, Roberts and Prewitt operators. [1] However, a larger mask will generally give a better approximation of the derivative and examples of such filters are Gaussian derivatives [ 2 ] and Gabor filters . [ 3 ]
Processing digital signals, particularly multidimensional signals, often involves a series of vector operations on massive numbers of independent data samples, GPGPUs are now widely employed to accelerate multidimensional DSP, such as image processing, video codecs, radar signal analysis, sonar signal processing, and ultrasound scanning.
In more general fields of data processing, such as digital signal processing, it is referred to as dynamic range expansion. [1] The purpose of dynamic range expansion in the various applications is usually to bring the image, or other type of signal, into a range that is more familiar or normal to the senses, hence the term normalization.
A digital image is an image composed of picture elements, also known as pixels, each with finite, discrete quantities of numeric representation for its intensity or gray level that is an output from its two-dimensional functions fed as input by its spatial coordinates denoted with x, y on the x-axis and y-axis, respectively. [1]