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Hafele and Keating aboard a commercial airliner, with two of the atomic clocks One of the actual HP 5061A Cesium Beam atomic clock units used in the Hafele–Keating experiment. The Hafele–Keating experiment was a test of the theory of relativity. In 1971, [1] Joseph C. Hafele, a physicist, and Richard E. Keating, an astronomer, took four ...
Joseph Carl Hafele (25 July 1933 – 15 November 2014) was an American physicist best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] a test of Einstein's theory of general relativity. [ 2 ] Hafele was an apprentice welder when he was drafted to serve in the army during the Korean War.
Richard E. Keating (29 May 1941 – 5 Oct 2006) was an American astronomer best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] [2] a test of Einstein's theory of relativity [3] performed while he was working at the United States Naval Observatory.
A much more precise experiment of this kind was conducted by David H. Frisch and Smith (1962) and documented by a film. [8] They measured approximately 563 muons per hour in six runs on Mount Washington at 1917m above sea-level. By measuring their kinetic energy, mean muon velocities between 0.995 c and 0.9954 c were determined.
Hafele-Keating experiment (1971): Joseph C. Hafele and Richard E. Keating show that atomic clocks flown around the world exhibit differences which are consistent with the predictions of special and general relativity. Scout rocket experiment (1976): confirms the time dilation effect of gravity.
Other precision tests of general relativity, [66] not discussed here, are the Gravity Probe A satellite, launched in 1976, which showed gravity and velocity affect the ability to synchronize the rates of clocks orbiting a central mass and the Hafele–Keating experiment, which used atomic clocks in circumnavigating aircraft to test general ...
1935 – the Hammar experiment is another refutation of aether drag and evidence for special relativity. [33] [34] 1938 – Ives–Stilwell experiment measures time dilation via the relativistic Doppler effect. [35] For the first time, the Lorentz transformations can be derived directly from empirical data, as would be noticed by Robertson in 1949.
The program began before Hafele-Keating, it continued after Hafele-Keating, and Hafele-Keating was funded as part of it. Have you read the history section of the GPS article?--75.83.69.196 00:00, 29 December 2011 (UTC) The Hafele-Keating experiment is not explicitly mentioned anywhere in the GPS article. Do you have a source that backs the fact ...