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Symptoms include sudden permanent blindness, but may occur more slowly over several days, weeks or months, [3] dilated pupils. Pupillary light reflexes are usually reduced but present; the slow phase mediated by melanopsin in retinal ganglion cells is retained.
Older dogs, similar to this 10-year-old Neapolitan Mastiff, often grow grey hairs on their muzzles, and some dogs grow grey hair all over. Not all dogs gain grey hair when aging. Aging in dogs varies from breed to breed, and affects the dog's health and physical ability. As with humans, advanced years often bring changes in a dog's ability to ...
Signs include decreased appetite, weight gain, hair loss, dry skin/coat, skin that is cold to the touch, recurring skin infections, and lethargy. The dog may also seek out warm places to lie. The symptoms of hypothyroidism are shared with many other medical conditions; it may not be the first thought when a diagnosis is made. [103]
It may also cause fewer side effects, Teplinksy said. The expanded approval is for patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, the most common form of the disease .
Weight gain will occur if calories from the diet do not decrease with the animal's energy requirements. [12] Obesity in pets is usually due to excessive food intake or lack of physical exercise. [13] Owners may view food as a way to reward and treat their pets, which contributes to overfeeding. [14]
Skin and coat health can also decline in older dogs due to various reasons. [2] The inclusion of linoleic acid as well as vitamin A into senior dog diets helps to improve or maintain the skin and coat of senior dogs. Immune system health is important to maintain in older dogs to prevent the development of various diseases.
Other causes include bacterial or fungal infections, ectoparasites, metabolic disease, neoplastic disease, trauma causing nerve damage, allergies, or joint disease. Hot spots may also lead to the formation of lick granulomas. Arthritic and mobility problems in older dogs give them more time to lick and over-groom themselves. [11]
Many dogs with GDV have cardiac arrhythmias (40% in one study). [4] Chronic GDV in dogs, include symptoms such as loss of appetite, vomiting, and weight loss. [5] Hypovolaemia may occur and in severe cases hypovolaemic shock and hypoperfusion. [1] Blood dyscrasias have been identified in patients with GDV.