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A myocardial infarction may compromise the function of the heart as a pump for the circulation, a state called heart failure. There are different types of heart failure; left- or right-sided (or bilateral) heart failure may occur depending on the affected part of the heart, and it is a low-output type of failure.
Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply. [1] Early on, there may be no symptoms. [1] Gradually joint pain may develop, which may limit the person's ability to move. [1] Complications may include collapse of the bone or nearby joint surface. [1]
Notice that the majority of these areas supply the left ventricle—most heart attacks therefore involve the left ventricle, where the right ventricle and both atria—the upper chamber—aren’t as often affected. Each of these areas is called the artery’s zone of perfusion.
Cross section showing anterior left ventricle wall infarction. If impaired blood flow to the heart lasts long enough, it triggers a process called the ischemic cascade; the heart cells in the territory of the blocked coronary artery die , chiefly through necrosis, and do not grow back.
The major tissues affected are nerves and muscles, where irreversible damage starts to occur after 4–6 hours of cessation of blood supply. [4] Skeletal muscle, the major tissue affected, is still relatively resistant to infarction compared to the heart and brain because its ability to rely on anaerobic metabolism by glycogen stored in the cells may supply the muscle tissue long enough for ...
Specifically, Kienböck's disease is another name for avascular necrosis [2] (death and fracture of bone tissue due to interruption of blood supply) with fragmentation and collapse of the lunate. This has classically been attributed to arterial disruption, but may also occur after events that produce venous congestion with elevated interosseous ...
Inferior left ventricle wall scar, short axis echocardiography view Myocardial scarring is the accumulation of fibrous tissue resulting after some form of trauma to the cardiac tissue. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Fibrosis is the formation of excess tissue in replacement of necrotic or extensively damaged tissue.
The rupture will most often occur near the edge of the necrotic myocardium where it abuts healthy (but hyperemic) myocardium where the inflammatory response is at its greatest. Further, the rupture will occur in an area of greatest shear stress. Within the left ventricle, these areas are adjacent to both anterior and posterior papillary muscles ...