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The peritoneal cavity is widely used in intraperitoneal injections to administer chemotherapy drugs, [5] [6] and is also utilized in peritoneal dialysis. [7] An increase in capillary pressure in the abdominal organs can cause fluid to leave the interstitial space and enter the peritoneal cavity, resulting in a condition called ascites.
The rectouterine pouch, being the lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in a woman at supine position, is a common site for the spread of pathology such as ascites, tumour, endometriosis, pus, etc. As it is the furthest point of the abdominopelvic cavity in women, it is a site where infection and fluids typically collect. [5]
The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids.It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue.
The kidneys are located behind the peritoneum, in the retroperitoneum, outside the abdominal cavity. The viscera are also covered by visceral peritoneum. Between the visceral and parietal peritoneum is the peritoneal cavity, which is a potential space. [1] It contains a serous fluid called peritoneal fluid that allows motion.
The vesicouterine pouch is a fold of peritoneum over the uterus and the bladder, forming a pelvic recess. [1] It is continued over the intestinal surface and body of the uterus onto its vesical surface, which it covers as far as the junction of the body and cervix uteri, and then to the bladder.
A cul-de-sac hernia (also termed a peritoneocele) is a herniation of peritoneal folds into the rectovaginal septum (in females), [2] or the rectovesical septum (in males). The herniated structure is the recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) in females, [2] or the rectovesical pouch in males.
It is lined by peritoneum and at its base is the rectoprostatic fascia (Denonvillier's fascia). When a man is upright or supine, it is the lowest part of his peritoneal cavity. [3] It may contain parts of the ileum (lower small intestine) and the sigmoid colon. [2] In women, the uterus lies between the rectum and the bladder.
The pararectal fossa (or pararectal pouch) is an inferior-ward extension of the peritoneum on either side of the rectum.It is formed by a (sacrogenital) fold of peritoneum extending inferiorly (downwards) from the posterolateral pelvic wall.