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The empire was founded on 18 January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles, outside Paris, France, where the south German states, except for Austria and Liechtenstein, joined the North German Confederation and the new constitution came into force on 16 April, changing the name of the federal state to the German Empire and introducing the title of ...
The Silent Dictatorship: The Politics of the German High Command under Hindenburg and Ludendorff, 1916–1918 (London: Croom Helm, 1976) Morrow, John. German Air Power in World War I (U. of Nebraska Press, 1982); Contains design and production figures, as well as economic influences. Sheldon, Jack (2005). The German Army on the Somme: 1914 - 1916.
To help the nobility avoid indebtedness, Berlin set up a credit institution to provide capital loans in 1809, and extended the loan network to peasants in 1849. When the German Empire was established in 1871, the Junker nobility controlled the army and the navy, the bureaucracy, and the royal court; they generally set governmental policies. [255]
The Reichstag of the North German Confederation renamed the North German Confederation the German Empire. 1871: 18 January: William was crowned emperor of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. 21 March: Minister President Otto von Bismarck of Prussia was appointed Chancellor of the German Empire. [37] 1872: 11 March
After the Austro-Prussian War, Prussia led the Northern states into a federal state called the North German Confederation (1867–1870). The Southern states joined the federal state in 1870/71, which was consequently renamed the German Empire (1871–1918). The state continued as the Weimar Republic (1919–1933).
Dugdale, E.T.S. ed. German Diplomatic Documents 1871–1914 (4 vol 1928–31), in English translation. online; Feldman, Gerald D. ed. German Imperialism, 1914–18: The Development of a Historical Debate (1972) 230 pp primary sources in English translation. The German White Book (1914) online official defense of Germany; see The German White Book
The Kingdom of Prussia [a] (German: Königreich Preußen, pronounced [ˈkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈpʁɔʏsn̩] ⓘ) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. [5] It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1866 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. [5]
The history of the nation state known as the German Reich is commonly divided into three periods: German Empire (1871–1918) Weimar Republic (1918–1933) Nazi Germany (1933–1945) German Empire (1871–1918) Weimar Republic (1919–1933) German Reich in 1943. However the term Deutsches Reich dates back earlier than all of this.