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Map of Europe in 1815 Sarcophagus of the last Holy Roman Emperor Francis II The modern resurgence of parliamentarism and anti-monarchism began with the French Revolution (1789–99). The absolutist Kingdom of France was first transformed to a constitutional monarchy (1791–92) , before being fully abolished on 21 September 1792, and eventually ...
Dynamic map of the European frontiers of France from 985 to 1947. This article describes the process by which metropolitan France - that part of France that is located in Europe, excluding its various overseas territories - came to consist of the territory it does today. Its current borders date from 1947.
Portugal began establishing the first global trade network and one of the first colonial empires [6] [7] under the leadership of Henry the Navigator.The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories distributed across the globe (especially at one time in the 16th century) that are now parts of 60 different sovereign states.
In the 19th century, starting with the Occupation of Algeria in 1830, France began to establish a new empire in Africa and Southeast Asia. The following is a list of all countries that were part of the French colonial empires from 1534 ; 491 years ago ( 1534 ) to the present, either entirely or in part, either under French sovereignty or as ...
In the 19th century, Portugal launched campaigns to solidify Portuguese Africa. The project to connect the two colonies, the Pink Map, was the main objective of Portuguese policy in the 1880s. [199] However, the idea was unacceptable to the British, who had their own aspirations of contiguous British territory running from Cairo to Cape Town.
France obtains further territories in the north-west from Spain. 1697: 20 September and 30 October: Treaty of Ryswick: End of the Nine Years' War between France and the Grand Alliance. Territorial changes were made in Europe and the colonial empires of the countries involved.
A map of France in 1843 under the July Monarchy. By the French Revolution, the Kingdom of France had expanded to nearly the modern territorial limits. The 19th century would complete the process by the annexation of the Duchy of Savoy and the County of Nice (first during the First Empire, and then definitively in 1860) and some small papal (like Avignon) and foreign possessions.
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.