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  2. Continuous stirred-tank reactor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Continuous_stirred-tank_reactor

    The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat-or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using ...

  3. Levenspiel plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenspiel_plot

    The volume of a CSTR necessary to achieve a certain conversion at a given flow rate is equal to the area of the rectangle with height equal to and width equal to . The volume of a PFR necessary to achieve a certain conversion at a given flow rate is equal to the area under the curve of F A o − r A {\displaystyle F_{Ao} \over -r_{A}} plotted ...

  4. Damköhler numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damköhler_numbers

    Since the reaction rate determines the reaction timescale, the exact formula for the Damköhler number varies according to the rate law equation. For a general chemical reaction A → B following the Power law kinetics of n-th order, the Damköhler number for a convective flow system is defined as:

  5. Residence time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residence_time

    The residence time of a fluid parcel is the total time that the parcel has spent inside a control volume (e.g.: a chemical reactor, a lake, a human body).The residence time of a set of parcels is quantified in terms of the frequency distribution of the residence time in the set, which is known as residence time distribution (RTD), or in terms of its average, known as mean residence time.

  6. Plug flow reactor model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_flow_reactor_model

    Each plug of differential volume is considered as a separate entity, effectively an infinitesimally small continuous stirred tank reactor, limiting to zero volume. As it flows down the tubular PFR, the residence time ( τ {\displaystyle \tau } ) of the plug is a function of its position in the reactor.

  7. Specific volume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_volume

    Specific volume is commonly applied to: Molar volume; Volume (thermodynamics) Partial molar volume; Imagine a variable-volume, airtight chamber containing a certain number of atoms of oxygen gas. Consider the following four examples: If the chamber is made smaller without allowing gas in or out, the density increases and the specific volume ...

  8. Mass balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_balance

    The concept is the same as for a large mass balance, but it is performed in the context of a limiting system (for example, one can consider the limiting case in time or, more commonly, volume). A differential mass balance is used to generate differential equations that can provide an effective tool for modelling and understanding the target system.

  9. Bodenstein number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodenstein_number

    The Bodenstein number (abbreviated Bo, named after Max Bodenstein) is a dimensionless parameter in chemical reaction engineering, which describes the ratio of the amount of substance introduced by convection to that introduced by diffusion.